This movement came about in the late 1800's. It had many advantages as the manufacture industry took off. It also offered the opportunity to the public to work, lowering unemployment throughout the population. Different places tended to have their own type of work, eg Yorkshire with coal mining, and pottery in Stoke. There was some disadvantages though, as the vast majority of workers cost the business more than they imagined. There was also a fear that workers may become bored with their one set job and quality may be reduced. The workers were potentially fearing being put out of work due to machinery in the near future.
Workers were housed with their families in small areas like this. It shows the sheer amount of workers that were needed for production of these goods in the factories. They were all important as they were each a 'cog' in the machine.
So sparked a new era of invention. Things like the steam engine and the piston were created, which were initially invented to boost manufacture and delivering to places like other countries.
The major countries such as England, France, Germany and the Spanish extended their empires due to 'conveyer belt' production. Art was heavily influenced by this new era as it tended to focus on speed, power and close to abstract pieces. Machinery made manufacture easier as not as many workers were required. The big companies saved on money and produced more goods than ever.
In 1851, Great Britain was arguably the world leader, in terms of invention and manufacture. They wanted to show their achievements off in their own way, so they decided to create an exhibition showcasing the latest technology and inventions. It was held in London in 1951, and invitations were sent out across the world for people to come and view what had been made. Many countries replicated exhibits like this as all the leading countries in industry began to compete with each other.
"The great principle of division of labour, which may be called the moving power of civilisation, is being extended to all branches of science, industry and art." Prince Albert at the opening of the exhibition.
Prince Albert stating that mass manufacture and the division of labour effectively was the driving force of the country at the time. And that it was only to get bigger, to reach higher targets.
1860-1914 was the main era where It was about. It was mainly a reaction against the mass production movement as many artists felt the designs were boring and plain. People wanted to move back to well made, hand crafted materials.
William Morris was one of the leading art and crafts artists. He lead the movement against the previous manufacturing movement with the fresh and colourful approach.
"It is the allowing of machines to be our masters, and not servants, that so injures the beauty of life nowadays."
This movement was inspired by the writings of john ruskin. He believed strongly that mass production was too efficient and expecting persons to be so precise with their work was unrealistic. He believed that it was de-humanising people, as there was no room for error.
Because these designs were so fresh, it made them rare and people desired them, but at such a high price only the middle and upper classes could afford them.
Art Nouveau
Emerged around 1890.
Took a few of the aspects from the arts and crafts movement. But all around, was more decorative, and could be adapted onto furniture etc. The majority of the Art Nouveau artists tended to take inspiration from nature. From a personal perspective, I often come across designs (usually on stained glass windows) of leaves and vines being thrown together.
Casa Mila- Antoni Gaudi
As you can see from the examples above, there is very much a consistent run of style. Wavy lines ans elegance seems to be the main aim of the artists involved. Personally, I think the style is quite beautiful and decorative. At the time it must have been extremely refreshing for the world of art, with the major contrast of the previous works brought from the industrial revolution.
This is a famous tea room designed by Macintosh. It is still in the same condition today. It demonstrates how unique the art movement was. And how art has developed since then, taking some of the attributes shown here.
Peter Behrens and AEG
Peter Behrens was the origional founder of corporate identity.
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Working for AEG, Behrens was the first person to create logos, advertising material, and company publications with a consistent design structure. This was a very important landmark for the modern world. He then began to produce goods which contained his own corporate id. He produced goods such as furniture etc, and also produced his own graphics and art. Shown on the right of the picture us the factory in which Peter Behrens operated. The building design is also very unique for the times as well, with the roof having curved edges instead of a block type shape.
Mass production became a sign of the times shortly after. The sheer amount of workers were cut down as the introduction of machinery became apparent. This change brought many benefits to the modern world. I t made producing goods cheaper as no wages were being paid, as well as the speed the goods were made. This also did have bad effects as tradesmen went from being a 'cog in a wheel' to being non-existent as they weren't needed anymore. With the price of making the products coming down, this also made them cheaper. They became more acsessable as a whole.
Then came another landmark for the modern era. Henry Ford brought out the first automobile in 1907. I think mass production had a massive impact on the progression of transport.The parts were being made so efficiently and quickly, it gave the chance to create something like the automobile. Seen ti the left, is the machinery used to make the ford automobiles.
This is one of the first pieces of advertisement used for ford. As you can see, compared to types of advertisement these days, this is really tame and lifeless. But it was a major company which had its own form of corporate I.D. At the start, the cars were too expensive, so only the well off could afford to buy them.
Futurism
With all the new technology and the way the world was developing, art developed along side it. Futurism formed, and it was a very different type of art. The aim was to try and depict speed, noise and movement in its work. It was all about 'new'. Transport had a massive impact on this movement. The movement and speed of trains, cars and other machinery were often depicted.
Giacamo Balla- Abstract speed and sound
Giacamo Balla was one of the leading artists in this movement. As you can see, he has tried to capture all the main elements with this piece.
Unique forms of continuity- Boccioni...
This is another form of art which is always shown when futurism is mentioned. Here we have Boccioni's statue feature where he clearly tries to represent movement, with the waving shapes which fall off it.
Dog on a leash 1912
This is one of my favourite pieces. It depicts the movement and speed extremely well. This must have been an extremely exciting and strange point in time. This type of movement is different to any other,as it shows a sign of the times. If you looked at one of these pieces, you could probably estimate when it was created.
Then came the outbreak of world war one. This would have a massive impact on life, art and design.
Following the war, it obviously left the country in a crisis. The Spanish flu epidemic spread across Europe, as if it wasn't bad enough. Homes were torn apart, thousands dead, all these factors lead to a great depression.
Dada
Then came dadaism. It was a post-war movement which was a reaction against all that was to do with war.It was a form of protest, mocking our perception of how we see art. The work was supposed not to have a purpose and depict no meaning, leading often to work which was random. The artist would say it was 'art', regardless of what others thought.
This is Marcel Duchamp's fountain 1917.
As you can see, the artist simply just signed the piece and nothing else. This is a clear protest as it's questioning our own perceptions. It is probably one of the most famous Dada based pieces as many question it; it has caused the most controversy.
Bauhaus
The Bauhaus was founded in 1919 in the city of Weimar by German architect Walter Gropius. It was created to encourage design, and to design new products which can be manufactured on a industrial scale. The majority of their designs followed the same sort of pattern, with the main factors featuring, primary colours and geometric shapes.It was said that each student their had to study their own personal craft, master their craft, and then do it for a living.Walter wanted to create a type of workshop, a place where machinery could be used for good and not evil, as seen in the first world war.
This is the basic educational structure which was followed in the Bauhaus. Building was a large part of the Bauhaus movement. The designs were modern and appealing, not like typical previous designs.
The images shown to the left, are the Bauhaus theatre itself as well as Walter Gropious's own house. As you can see, the house looks modern, even nowadays. Its slick, white and virtually a whole wall is covered in glass.
Modernistic design and De Stijl
Piet Mondrian 1923
With the small push of urgency given from the Bauhaus movement, art began to take off. The De Stijl period took on the bright colourful designs, and slick black lining from its previous movement. The designs are very basic, but gave out a good feel factor as they were so colourful. This lift was needed at the time after the depression which came with the first world war.
Gerrit Rietvield 1917
Furniture design also followed suit. Chairs like this started to become mass produced. They are alot like the building design, slick colourful and modern. Personally, I quite like the design, but i think it has been designed for look and not for purpose(obviously not going to be too comfy).
Every one of Piet Mondrian's pieces looked fairly similar, but his paintings are so distinctive. The De Stijl works are still around today, not particularly on building design, but the patterns and shapes are often bought as works of art etc.
Art Deco
Very much like the previous movement De Stijl, but it served a more decorative purpose instead. The main noticable changes in the Art Deco period were its fashion aspects, and other types of painting based art.
These were the typical types of fashion around at the time. With the capital city of this movement being Paris, alot of the ideas and designs were generated and tried out there. This would only be short lived though as the second world war fast approached. The designs were colourful and looked rich in material. Women had not particularly been given the chance to dress in this way before. The primrary colours being reds abd blue, the silky looking garments were all the rage at the time.
These are three of Wassily Kandinsky's pieces during the Art Deco period. As you can see, they follow suit with De Stijl type design. The only noticable difference is that it doesn't only depict basic shapes, but merges them all together, into a big collage of colour. There are factors in this which re-create the bauhaus style, showing how much it changed modern art.I personally like the piece on the right hand side, as I like the combination of colour and shapes. This type of design was a further improvement on how refreshing modern art was to a depressed society.
The second world war was declared on the 3rd September 1939. The re-building of modern society collapsed once again. All money went into the protection of the country, and support of our armed forces. This meant that rationing had to take place. The previous types of fashion which we had seen before was abandoned due to the cost of it.
As seen above, on the left sre women which are having their legs painted in some sort of sauce, as they couldn't save enough money up for tights. And a poster featured on the right which encourages people to save on the money, and that people can get by on basic money.
Post World War
After the horrors of the second world war, a different level of depression had kicked in. Labour took charge of the government, and introduced the national health service. Posters like this one shown on the left were brought out, as they set up a system in which they welcome the brave troops back with a new home, for them and their families.
An exhibition was introduced, to lift the spirits of the people, and to show how we could re-build the country. It was a demonstration of art and what we as people could design.
This is the design plan of the great exhibition 195. The main purpose was to raise morale. It was a brand new design which brought a feeling of warmth as so many homes and cities had been destroyed.
Pop Art
With morale back on the up, and the help of the demonstration of new design, art began to pick back up again. Pop Art, alot like its previous movement Art Deco, in the way that it took its colouring and shapes. It took some of the aspects on board, but was more in touch with current times and what was 'cool'.
One of the main exhibiters of the style was Andy Warhol. He focused very much on the celebrity and commercialisation.
Maryln Monroe Campbells Tomato Soup Mohammed Ali
These are really popular pieces of work. I think the main factor in warhol's work is colour. He takes basic photographs and graphics and changes the effect and colour scheme. This is probably the only factor it has carried on from the previous Art Deco works. Art Deco work seemed to be based around celebrity. Hollywood had a huge impact on it, shown here with the Maryln Monroe piece.
Roy Lichenstein is also one of the main producers of Pop Art. His work doesn't tend to rely on commercialism as much as Warhol, as he demonstrates comic book type styling. Again though,much colour is used in the workings. Many Pop Art pieces are still bought today, as I think it has developed with the times.
With Pop Art's occurence, the development and love of modern culture and the 'celebrity' people began to take on their own trends.
As you can see on the right, fashions began to arise, such as the teddy boy. Modern culture and the personal look took off.
Moving in to the late 60's, design had taken a strange turn, and a wave of commercialism took over. Pictured above shows some of the pointless pieces of design at the time. The emphasis on deigning for use took a slight diversion as things like fridge magnets, globe shakers and decrative suitcases began to capture the attention of the nation. Many were confused as to why these items were being bought in such a vast amount, and decided that they needed to do something about it.
Shown left is a poster for 'buy nothing day'. This was a national advertisement to try and persuade the general public to not buy anything which contributed to commercialism. It was a reaction against it.
Design at the time wasn't all that bad though. Machinery like this were put to good use. Not overlly cheap to make, and came to a good cause. It was a piece of machinery which helped people eat who had cerebal pawsy.
This is a current poster advertisement for aviva. I am looking at some of the aspects of the pieces as I don't want to differentiate too much to the current ads. The colour scheme is iconic, with the blue text and the yellow background. If I was to change anything i think I would make the center image coloured as i personally think it looks too plain. 
Again, the same colour scheme and layout is fairly similar to the poster shown above, yet the text is in a different style. I think I am deffinately going to follow the current popular layout style as its so recognisable and indifferent. 
This poster looks like its from the same campaign as the top example. They have cleverly used the illustrations on the piece to create a marker for the swimmer, and the runner. The image is the thing that first catches the attention, and with the colour scheme I could imagine if it was placed with a few other advertisements, it would stand out. 
William Morris- Tulip and willow 1873
William Morris- Trellis 1862
